The Story of Square and Round Dancing
The History of Square Dance
A Tradition of Community and Celebration
Square dancing, a lively and social form of dance, is deeply rooted in history, blending the influences of various cultures to create a uniquely American tradition. While the modern square dance we know today has developed through centuries, its story is one of evolution, adaptation, and joy.
Origins in Folk Dance
Square dance traces its origins back to European folk dances of the 17th and 18th centuries. In countries like England, France, and Ireland, dances such as the quadrille, cotillion, and reel were popular. These dances typically involved intricate patterns performed by groups of four couples arranged in a square—hence the name "square dance."
When European settlers came to America, they brought their traditional dances with them. Over time, these dances blended with influences from other cultures, including African rhythms, Native American traditions, and Appalachian folk styles. The result was a vibrant and uniquely American form of dance.
The American Influence
In the early 19th century, square dancing became a staple of rural community life in America. It was a way for people to come together, celebrate, and socialize. Without formal dance instruction readily available, communities relied on a "caller" to guide dancers through the steps. Callers would use rhythmic chants or songs to direct the movements, ensuring everyone stayed in sync.
By the late 19th century, the rise of urbanization and new forms of entertainment such as ballroom dancing led to a decline in square dance's popularity. However, its spirit remained alive in rural areas, particularly in the South and Midwest, including Missouri.
Modern Square Dance Begins
The mid-20th century marked a revival of square dance, thanks in large part to Henry Ford. The automobile tycoon was a passionate advocate for traditional American values, and he saw square dance as a way to promote these ideals. Ford sponsored square dance classes, published instruction manuals, and even hired teachers to spread the tradition across the country.
Around this time, the dance began to standardize, with a focus on uniform movements and calls. The formation of organizations such as Callerlab, the international association of square dance callers, helped develop a universal set of calls, making it easier for dancers from different areas to participate together.
Square Dancing in Missouri
Missouri has long been a hub for square dancing, with the state adopting the Western style of square dance as its official American folk dance in 1995. St. Louis, in particular, has played a significant role in preserving and promoting the tradition, with clubs and events dedicated to keeping the art form alive.
From weekly gatherings at local clubs to annual events like the Jamboree, Benefit Dance, and New Year’s Eve Dance, St. Louis continues to be a welcoming community for dancers of all ages and skill levels. The region's dedication to square dance is reflected in its thriving clubs, lessons, and dances, all celebrating this rich cultural heritage.
The History of Round Dance
A Blend of Elegance and Rhythm
This format allows participants to enjoy dances such as the waltz, foxtrot, cha-cha, and rumba without needing extensive prior knowledge or memorization. It’s a blend of elegance and accessibility, making it a popular complement to square dancing.
The Origins of Round Dance
Round dancing traces its roots back to the 18th century when couples began performing choreographed ballroom-style dances in a circular formation. Unlike the improvised steps of freeform dancing, round dancing offered structure and synchronization, making it accessible and enjoyable for dancers of all skill levels.
Evolution Through the Years
In the mid-20th century, round dancing gained popularity in the United States, particularly among square dancers seeking variety in their events. With cued choreography and a repertoire of waltzes, foxtrots, cha-chas, and rumbas, round dancing evolved into a unique blend of ballroom elegance and social fun. Its emphasis on precision and partnership continues to set it apart.
Round Dance Today
Today, round dancing complements the energy of square dance events, providing a contrasting style that dancers of all ages can enjoy. The collaborative nature of following a cuer’s calls fosters a sense of unity and shared accomplishment, making it a favorite among those who love music and movement.
Round Dancing in St. Louis
Round dancing has a strong presence in the St. Louis area. Most square dances feature round dancing throughout the event, showcasing its enduring appeal. Additionally, a dedicated round dance club holds monthly dances, while other groups offer weekly lessons to help new dancers get started and experienced dancers hone their skills.
This thriving community ensures that round dancing remains a cherished part of local traditions, connecting people through rhythm, partnership, and joy
Join the Dance Community in St. Louis


If you’re curious about square or round dancing—or looking to reconnect with these timeless traditions—St. Louis is the perfect place to start. Local clubs offer lessons for beginners, opportunities to practice, and events where you can enjoy the music, rhythm, and camaraderie of these historic dance forms.
Explore the rich history and dynamic present of square and round dance in St. Louis. From their cultural roots to their current-day energy, these activities offer an unforgettable experience for anyone who wants to share in the joy of dancing.